1. Preventing Infection While Providing Personal Care
CNAs must demonstrate the ability to identify and prevent infection when providing personal care. This includes understanding disinfection techniques, hand-washing techniques, and proper disposal of infectious materials. They must also be able to properly use protective equipment such as gloves and masks, as well as recognize signs of infection and report them to the appropriate personnel.
2. Personal Safety and Emergency Care
CNAs must demonstrate the ability to recognize, assess, and respond to emergency situations for which they are trained. This includes demonstrating knowledge of procedures for responding to choking, cardiac arrest, seizure activity, falls, and other medical emergencies. They must also be able to properly use safety equipment such as wheelchairs and restraint devices.
3. Documentation and Core Nursing Skills
CNAs must demonstrate effective communication skills when documenting patient care activities in accordance with organizational policies and legal requirements. They must also demonstrate knowledge of basic nursing skills such as taking vital signs and monitoring patients’ physical condition on an ongoing basis.
4. Positioning, Moving, and Restorative Care
CNAs must demonstrate the ability to position and move clients in accordance with established protocols. This includes demonstrating proper body mechanics when assisting patients with ambulation and transfers. They must also understand how to provide restorative care such as range-of-motion exercises and bed exercises for maintaining flexibility and strength.
5. Nutrition and Elimination
CNAs must demonstrate knowledge of nutritional requirements based on age, gender, culture, religion, lifestyle choices, dietary restrictions or allergies, disease diagnoses, and other factors. They must also be able to assist patients with toileting needs including the provision of catheter care for those requiring it.
6. Advanced and Specialty Care Environments
CNAs must demonstrate the ability to provide care in specialized settings such as ICU, CCU, and long-term acute care. This includes understanding relevant medical terminology and the particular challenges of caring for patients in these settings. They must also be familiar with common therapeutic treatments and interventions for chronic illnesses or conditions.
7. Comfort Care and End of Life
CNAs must demonstrate knowledge of comfort measures that can be provided to those at the end of life. They must understand how to respond to a family's emotional needs during this difficult time while providing physical comfort measures such as pain relief, nutrition support, skin care, and hygiene care.
8. Ethics and the Law in LTC
CNAs must demonstrate an understanding of legal and ethical issues related to long-term care. This includes being familiar with federal and state laws that govern elderly or disabled individuals, as well as the ethical considerations associated with end-of-life decision making. They must also understand how to report abuse or neglect in accordance with established protocol.