1. Establish a security policy:
A security policy is a set of rules and procedures that define how an organization will protect its networks and data from cyber threats. It should include details on how users are authorized to access information systems, what type of security controls are in place, and how the organization will respond to cyber incidents.
2. Perform risk assessments:
A risk assessment is a process of identifying and quantifying the risks to an organization's networks and data from cyber threats. It involves identifying the assets that need to be protected, assessing the vulnerabilities of those assets, and estimating the potential damage that could be caused by a successful attack.
3. Implement security controls:
Security controls are measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of a cyber attack. They include things like firewalls, antivirus software, password policies, and incident response procedures.
4. Manage and monitor security controls:
Security controls must be managed and monitored on an ongoing basis in order to ensure that they are effective in protecting against cyber threats. This includes tasks like regular system audits, vulnerability scanning, and backup & recovery planning.
5. Maintain an incident response plan:
An incident response plan is a document that outlines the steps that will be taken in the event of a cyber attack. It should include contact information for everyone who needs to be involved in responding to the attack, as well as instructions for restoring compromised systems and data.
6. Train employees on cybersecurity awareness:
Employees are your first line of defense against cyber attacks, so it is important to train them on how to identify and respond to suspicious activity. This includes things like knowing not to open attachments or click links in suspicious emails, keeping passwords strong, and reporting any suspected attacks or breaches.
7. Test and evaluate security controls: Security
Security controls should be tested regularly to ensure that they are effective in preventing cyber attacks. This can be done through things like penetration testing and vulnerability scanning.
8. Keep up to date with NIST guidelines:
NIST guidelines are constantly evolving as new threats emerge, so it is important for organizations to keep up with the latest releases. This includes staying abreast of new guidance documents as well as participating in NIST's voluntary cybersecurity framework program.