1. Bathing:
A person can bathe independently if they are able to reach all the areas of their body that need to be washed. If they are not able to do so, assistance may be needed. Wet wipes can also be used for some people who cannot bathe themselves.
2. Dressing:
Most people are able to dress, but if assistance is needed, it is important to make sure that the clothing is easy to put on and take off. Elastic waistbands and zippers are helpful for this.
3. Grooming:
Grooming includes brushing teeth, hair, and nails, as well as shaving for men. All of these activities can usually be done independently, but if assistance is needed, it is important to make sure that the products used are easy to use and handle.
4. Toileting:
Toileting includes using the toilet, washing hands, and wiping oneself. Independent toileting is usually possible with a bit of practice, but if assistance is needed, it is important that the person can reach all the areas that need to be cleaned without difficulty.
5. Feeding oneself:
This includes both eating solid foods and drinking fluids. Most people are able to feed themselves without difficulty, but if assistance is needed, it is important to make sure that the food and drink are easy to handle and access.
6. Mobility/transfers:
This includes moving around the house independently as well as getting in and out of bed or a chair. It is important that the environment is safe and accessible for those who need help with this activity. Ramps instead of stairs and grab bars in bathrooms can make a big difference.
7. Continence care:
This includes both controlling bladder and bowel movements as well as keeping clean. Independent continence care is usually possible with a bit of practice, but if assistance is needed, it is important that the person can reach all the areas that need to be cleaned without difficulty.
8. Cognitive functioning:
Cognitive functioning includes thinking, reasoning, remembering things, and paying attention. Many everyday activities rely on cognitive functioning abilities, so it is important to keep track of any changes or problems that may occur.
9. Home management:
Home management includes things like cooking meals, doing laundry, taking care of bills, and grocery shopping. Most people are able to manage their home life without difficulty, but if assistance is needed, it is important to make sure that the tasks are easy to accomplish.
10. Leisure and social activities:
These activities are important for both mental and physical health. They can include things like going for walks, reading, playing games, and visiting with friends and family. If assistance is needed, it is important to make sure that the activities are still enjoyable and rewarding.