1. Preoccupation with the substance or behavior:
This item refers to a significant amount of time spent thinking about the addictive substance or behavior. It includes constant cravings, obsessive thoughts, and difficulty focusing on other tasks or responsibilities.
2. Loss of control:
Loss of control involves the inability to moderate or stop engaging in addictive behavior despite negative consequences. The individual may feel powerless and find it challenging to resist the urge to engage in the behavior.
3. Withdrawal symptoms:
Withdrawal symptoms occur when the individual reduces or discontinues the addictive substance or behavior. These symptoms can range from physical discomfort (e.g., tremors, nausea) to psychological distress (e.g., anxiety, irritability).
4. Tolerance:
Tolerance refers to the need for increased amounts of the substance or behavior to achieve the desired effect. Over time, the individual may require higher doses or engage in the behavior more frequently to experience the same level of satisfaction or pleasure.
5. Neglecting responsibilities:
This item pertains to the neglect of important obligations, such as work, school, or relationships, due to excessive focus on addictive behavior. The individual may prioritize the substance or behavior over their responsibilities, resulting in negative consequences in various areas of life.
6. Failed attempts to quit or cut back:
Individuals struggling with addiction often make repeated unsuccessful attempts to quit or reduce their engagement in the addictive behavior. Despite their intentions, they find themselves returning to the behavior or substance, often feeling defeated and discouraged.
7. Interference with relationships:
Addiction can strain relationships, leading to conflicts, isolation, and a breakdown in social connections. This item indicates a significant negative impact on personal relationships, as the individual's focus shifts primarily towards the addictive behavior, causing strain and damage to their interactions with others.
8. Escalation of use:
Escalation of use refers to an increasing pattern of substance intake or engagement in addictive behavior over time. It may involve more frequent episodes, longer durations, or higher quantities of the addictive substance or behavior.
9. Continued use despite adverse consequences:
Despite experiencing negative consequences as a result of the addictive behavior, individuals may continue to engage in it. This item captures the persistence of the behavior, even when it leads to detrimental outcomes such as health problems, financial difficulties, or legal issues.
10. Withdrawal from social activities:
Addiction can lead to a withdrawal from previously enjoyed social activities, hobbies, and interests. The individual may lose interest in activities that were once meaningful to them as the addictive behavior takes precedence.