1. Preflight Inspection:
Before each flight, it is essential to perform a visual inspection of the aircraft and its components. Inspections should include checking items such as the fuel tanks, fuel lines, tires, brakes, engine oil levels, propeller condition and any external damage. Additionally, all instruments should be checked for proper functioning and any necessary adjustments should be made.
2. Engine Start and Run Up:
Before the engine is started, ensure that the fuel selector valve is in the correct position, all switches are off, and confirm that there is sufficient fuel in each tank. Once the engine starts and begins to run smoothly, a series of checks must be completed such as checking oil pressure and temperatures, RPMs and magnetos. The throttle should then be adjusted so that maximum power can be achieved without exceeding manufacturer’s limits.
3. Taxiing & Takeoff:
Once the aircraft has been cleared for takeoff by air traffic control, set the brakes and check for proper functioning of trim system, flaps and other controls. Slowly increase power to achieve full power, and ensure that the aircraft is properly aligned in the center of the runway. When ready, smoothly release brakes and move into takeoff roll.
4. Climb Out:
Once the airplane has achieved a safe altitude, trim settings should be adjusted to maintain speed and climb rate while reducing pilot workload. Monitor all instruments for proper functioning and make necessary adjustments as needed. Continue climbing until desired altitude is reached.
5. Cruise Flight:
Cruise flight requires constant monitoring of airspeed and altitude as well as engine RPMs and temperatures to ensure a safe flight. If autopilot is engaged during this phase, check for proper functioning of system before releasing control to it completely. Monitor weather conditions so that any changes in plans can be made as needed.
6. Descent & Approach:
As the aircraft descends, reduce power so that airspeed and altitude remain within the manufacturer’s limits. Adjust trim settings to maintain speed and descent rate while reducing pilot workload. Monitor all instruments for proper functioning during descent and approach, making necessary adjustments as required.
7. Landing:
When on final approach, adjust power setting so that speed is appropriate for landing conditions. Adjust trim settings as needed to maintain a safe flight path towards touchdown point. When at the desired altitude, smoothly reduce throttle and begin flare maneuver just prior to touchdown to ensure a smooth landing.
8. After Landing Checklist:
Once the aircraft has come to a stop, perform a post-landing checklist. This includes checking fuel levels, oil pressure and temperatures, brake pressures and any external damage. All switches should be placed in the ‘off’ position and the aircraft secured for ground transportation. Once all checks have been completed and verified, the checklist is complete.